МЫШЛЕНИЕ В ЛИЧНОСТНОМ РАЗВИТИИ СУБЪЕКТА
представлены психологические исследования взаимодействия мышления и
личности на процессуальном уровне. Дается анализ изменений личности
(когнитивного стиля, образующих сознания, некоторых личностных черт),
происходящих под воздействием мыслительных процессов при решении задач.
Рассматриваются условия и уровни мышления, которые в максимальной
степени способствуют личностному росту, формированию субъектности и
полистилевого поведения как у детей, так и у взрослых. В книге приводятся
результаты лонгитюда о степени сохранности личностных изменений в течение
длительного времени.
Книга предназначена для психологов, педагогов, философов. Она будет
полезна и практикам в сфере педагогики и психологии. В ней находятся полез-
ные рекомендации и новые экспериментальные тесты для изучения мышления и
когнитивных стилей личности.
This book is devoted to the examining of correletionships between thinking
processes and personality. Cognitive style as field dependence-field independence
(H.A. Witkin), relations between knowledge and attitude in consciousness, properties
of personality (hysteria, paranoia, depression, psychopathy etc.) conies forward in
investigations on line of personality.
Experiments show that cognitive style (field dependence-independence) is not a
stable characteristic of personality in its functioning. It was found out that personality
(cognitive style) can change as quickly and radically as the cognitive processes
(analysis, synthesis, generalization) themselves.
The experiments proved, that a high level of thinking together with feeling success
lead to field independence. Absence of mental operational actions, low stages of
analysis by synthesis and negative emotions are the main cause of field dependence.
We held other investigations which showed, that even children of pre-school age can
be field independent and field dependent at the same time. It was established that
children can change forms of action with objects (cognitive style) when circumstances
change quickly.
Consciousness is considered as a unity of knowledge and attitude, notion and
sense (objective and subjective notion). The experiments show that consciousness is a
dynamic process. Changes of knowledge and senses are determined by analysis,
synthesis, abstraction and other processes of thinking. Even relations between
unconscious and conscious sets may be changed. It was proved during the
experiments of psycho-semantic investigation of the students' opinions on death and
meaning of life.
Some people can keep personality changes for a long time during one or two
years. Other subjects demonstrated facts of selfdevelopment, selfgrowth,
selfimprovement of their beginning style. Their style grows constantly from one
diagnostic to another during a year and further on.
Our investigations show that personality which exists like a static system is
under the influence of microchanges in functioning. Perhaps this functional
personality changes can be found only in mental process. Thinking is a grate
generalization, which can restructure previous psychological phenomena. Functioning
for some time microchanges stimulate the growth of the basic personality structure.
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